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138
.all-contributorsrc
View file

@ -2118,6 +2118,141 @@
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"content"
]
},
{
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2
.github/workflows/rust.yml vendored
View file

@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Fetch & maybe update Cargo.lock
run: cargo fetch --locked
- name: Build
run: cargo build --verbose
- name: Run tests

19
AUTHORS.md
View file

@ -300,6 +300,25 @@ authors.
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/lionel-rowe"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26078826?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="lionel-rowe"/><br /><sub><b>lionel-rowe</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-lionel-rowe" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Ben2917"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10279994?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ben"/><br /><sub><b>Ben</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Ben2917" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/b1ue64"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77976308?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="b1ue64"/><br /><sub><b>b1ue64</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-b1ue64" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/lazywalker"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/53956?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="lazywalker"/><br /><sub><b>lazywalker</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-lazywalker" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/proofconstruction"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/74747193?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="proofconstruction"/><br /><sub><b>proofconstruction</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-proofconstruction" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQCjA6qUutAtWqkCA4Z36CQ"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16007179?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="IVIURRAY"/><br /><sub><b>IVIURRAY</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-IVIURRAY" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/b-apperlo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/91734527?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Bert Apperlo"/><br /><sub><b>Bert Apperlo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-b-apperlo" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://fwdekker.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13442533?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Florine W. Dekker"/><br /><sub><b>Florine W. Dekker</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-FWDekker" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/luhem7"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4008215?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mehul Gangavelli"/><br /><sub><b>Mehul Gangavelli</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-luhem7" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Frosthage"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14823314?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mikael Frosthage"/><br /><sub><b>Mikael Frosthage</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Frosthage" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://robertfry.xyz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43712054?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Robert Fry"/><br /><sub><b>Robert Fry</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-robertefry" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/tajo48"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/55502906?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="tajo48"/><br /><sub><b>tajo48</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tajo48" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://anishchhetri.com.np"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/98446102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Anish"/><br /><sub><b>Anish</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-novanish" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/vnprc"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9425366?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="vnprc"/><br /><sub><b>vnprc</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-vnprc" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://androecia.net"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61999256?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Joshua Carlson"/><br /><sub><b>Joshua Carlson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jrcarl624" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://johndesilencio.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20136554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Nicholas R. Smith"/><br /><sub><b>Nicholas R. Smith</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=johnDeSilencio" title="Code">💻</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://alexfertel.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22298999?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alexander González"/><br /><sub><b>Alexander González</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-alexfertel" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

192
Cargo.lock generated
View file

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"windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
"windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.2",
]
[[package]]
name = "windows-targets"
version = "0.48.1"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "05d4b17490f70499f20b9e791dcf6a299785ce8af4d709018206dc5b4953e95f"
dependencies = [
"windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.48.0",
"windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.0",
"windows_i686_gnu 0.48.0",
"windows_i686_msvc 0.48.0",
"windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.0",
"windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.0",
"windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.0",
]
[[package]]
@ -659,42 +677,84 @@ version = "0.42.2"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "597a5118570b68bc08d8d59125332c54f1ba9d9adeedeef5b99b02ba2b0698f8"
[[package]]
name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
version = "0.48.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "91ae572e1b79dba883e0d315474df7305d12f569b400fcf90581b06062f7e1bc"
[[package]]
name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
version = "0.42.2"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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[[package]]
name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
version = "0.48.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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name = "windows_i686_gnu"
version = "0.42.2"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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name = "ws2_32-sys"
version = "0.2.1"

3
exercises/enums/enums3.rs
View file

@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ impl State {
Message::Move(Point{x,y}) => self.move_position(Point{x,y}),
Message::ChangeColor(r,g,b) => self.change_color((r,g,b))
}
// TODO: create a match expression to process the different message variants
// Remember: When passing a tuple as a function argument, you'll need extra parentheses: fn function((t, u, p, l, e))
}
}

167
info.toml
View file

@ -167,6 +167,13 @@ For that first compiler error, it's important in Rust that each conditional
block returns the same type! To get the tests passing, you will need a couple
conditions checking different input values."""
[[exercises]]
name = "if3"
path = "exercises/if/if3.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
In Rust, every arm of an `if` expression has to return the same type of value. Make sure the type is consistent across all arms."""
# QUIZ 1
[[exercises]]
@ -260,8 +267,8 @@ name = "vecs2"
path = "exercises/vecs/vecs2.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Hint 1: `i` is each element from the Vec as they are being iterated. Can you try
multiplying this?
Hint 1: In the code, the variable `element` represents an item from the Vec as it is being iterated.
Can you try multiplying this?
Hint 2: For the first function, there's a way to directly access the numbers stored
in the Vec, using the * dereference operator. You can both access and write to the
@ -289,21 +296,22 @@ name = "move_semantics2"
path = "exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
So, `vec0` is passed into the `fill_vec` function as an argument. In Rust,
when an argument is passed to a function and it's not explicitly returned,
you can't use the original variable anymore. We call this "moving" a variable.
Variables that are moved into a function (or block scope) and aren't explicitly
returned get "dropped" at the end of that function. This is also what happens here.
There's a few ways to fix this, try them all if you want:
1. Make another, separate version of the data that's in `vec0` and pass that
When running this exercise for the first time, you'll notice an error about
"borrow of moved value". In Rust, when an argument is passed to a function and
it's not explicitly returned, you can't use the original variable anymore.
We call this "moving" a variable. When we pass `vec0` into `fill_vec`, it's being
"moved" into `vec1`, meaning we can't access `vec0` anymore after the fact.
Rust provides a couple of different ways to mitigate this issue, feel free to try them all:
1. You could make another, separate version of the data that's in `vec0` and pass that
to `fill_vec` instead.
2. Make `fill_vec` borrow its argument instead of taking ownership of it,
and then copy the data within the function in order to return an owned
`Vec<i32>`
3. Make `fill_vec` *mutably* borrow a reference to its argument (which will need to be
mutable), modify it directly, then not return anything. Then you can get rid
of `vec1` entirely -- note that this will change what gets printed by the
first `println!`"""
and then copy the data within the function (`vec.clone()`) in order to return an owned
`Vec<i32>`.
3. Or, you could make `fill_vec` *mutably* borrow a reference to its argument (which will need to be
mutable), modify it directly, then not return anything. This means that `vec0` will change over the
course of the function, and makes `vec1` redundant (make sure to change the parameters of the `println!`
statements if you go this route)
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "move_semantics3"
@ -438,7 +446,7 @@ mode = "compile"
hint = """
Yes, it would be really easy to fix this by just changing the value bound to `word` to be a
string slice instead of a `String`, wouldn't it?? There is a way to add one character to line
9, though, that will coerce the `String` into a string slice.
12, though, that will coerce the `String` into a string slice.
Side note: If you're interested in learning about how this kind of reference conversion works, you can jump ahead in the book and read this part in the smart pointers chapter: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch15-02-deref.html#implicit-deref-coercions-with-functions-and-methods"""
@ -897,9 +905,6 @@ hint = """
The documentation for the std::iter::Iterator trait contains numerous methods
that would be helpful here.
Return 0 from count_collection_iterator to make the code compile in order to
test count_iterator.
The collection variable in count_collection_iterator is a slice of HashMaps. It
needs to be converted into an iterator in order to use the iterator methods.
@ -908,67 +913,6 @@ The fold method can be useful in the count_collection_iterator function.
For a further challenge, consult the documentation for Iterator to find
a different method that could make your code more compact than using fold."""
# THREADS
[[exercises]]
name = "threads1"
path = "exercises/threads/threads1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
`JoinHandle` is a struct that is returned from a spawned thread:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.spawn.html
A challenge with multi-threaded applications is that the main thread can
finish before the spawned threads are completed.
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-01-threads.html#waiting-for-all-threads-to-finish-using-join-handles
Use the JoinHandles to wait for each thread to finish and collect their results.
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/struct.JoinHandle.html
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "threads2"
path = "exercises/threads/threads2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
`Arc` is an Atomic Reference Counted pointer that allows safe, shared access
to **immutable** data. But we want to *change* the number of `jobs_completed`
so we'll need to also use another type that will only allow one thread to
mutate the data at a time. Take a look at this section of the book:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html#atomic-reference-counting-with-arct
and keep reading if you'd like more hints :)
Do you now have an `Arc` `Mutex` `JobStatus` at the beginning of main? Like:
`let status = Arc::new(Mutex::new(JobStatus { jobs_completed: 0 }));`
Similar to the code in the example in the book that happens after the text
that says "We can use Arc<T> to fix this.". If not, give that a try! If you
do and would like more hints, keep reading!!
Make sure neither of your threads are holding onto the lock of the mutex
while they are sleeping, since this will prevent the other thread from
being allowed to get the lock. Locks are automatically released when
they go out of scope.
If you've learned from the sample solutions, I encourage you to come
back to this exercise and try it again in a few days to reinforce
what you've learned :)"""
[[exercises]]
name = "threads3"
path = "exercises/threads/threads3.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
An alternate way to handle concurrency between threads is to use
a mpsc (multiple producer, single consumer) channel to communicate.
With both a sending end and a receiving end, it's possible to
send values in one thread and receive them in another.
Multiple producers are possible by using clone() to create a duplicate
of the original sending end.
See https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-02-message-passing.html for more info.
"""
# SMART POINTERS
[[exercises]]
@ -1031,6 +975,67 @@ Check out https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/borrow/enum.Cow.html for documentation
on the `Cow` type.
"""
# THREADS
[[exercises]]
name = "threads1"
path = "exercises/threads/threads1.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
`JoinHandle` is a struct that is returned from a spawned thread:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.spawn.html
A challenge with multi-threaded applications is that the main thread can
finish before the spawned threads are completed.
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-01-threads.html#waiting-for-all-threads-to-finish-using-join-handles
Use the JoinHandles to wait for each thread to finish and collect their results.
https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/struct.JoinHandle.html
"""
[[exercises]]
name = "threads2"
path = "exercises/threads/threads2.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
`Arc` is an Atomic Reference Counted pointer that allows safe, shared access
to **immutable** data. But we want to *change* the number of `jobs_completed`
so we'll need to also use another type that will only allow one thread to
mutate the data at a time. Take a look at this section of the book:
https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html#atomic-reference-counting-with-arct
and keep reading if you'd like more hints :)
Do you now have an `Arc` `Mutex` `JobStatus` at the beginning of main? Like:
`let status = Arc::new(Mutex::new(JobStatus { jobs_completed: 0 }));`
Similar to the code in the example in the book that happens after the text
that says "We can use Arc<T> to fix this.". If not, give that a try! If you
do and would like more hints, keep reading!!
Make sure neither of your threads are holding onto the lock of the mutex
while they are sleeping, since this will prevent the other thread from
being allowed to get the lock. Locks are automatically released when
they go out of scope.
If you've learned from the sample solutions, I encourage you to come
back to this exercise and try it again in a few days to reinforce
what you've learned :)"""
[[exercises]]
name = "threads3"
path = "exercises/threads/threads3.rs"
mode = "compile"
hint = """
An alternate way to handle concurrency between threads is to use
a mpsc (multiple producer, single consumer) channel to communicate.
With both a sending end and a receiving end, it's possible to
send values in one thread and receive them in another.
Multiple producers are possible by using clone() to create a duplicate
of the original sending end.
See https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-02-message-passing.html for more info.
"""
# MACROS
[[exercises]]
@ -1173,4 +1178,4 @@ name = "as_ref_mut"
path = "exercises/conversions/as_ref_mut.rs"
mode = "test"
hint = """
Add AsRef<str> as a trait bound to the functions."""
Add AsRef<str> or AsMut<u32> as a trait bound to the functions."""

4
install.ps1
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
#Requires -Version 5
param($path = "$pwd/rustlings")
param($path = "$home/rustlings")
Write-Host "Let's get you set up with Rustlings!"
@ -91,4 +91,4 @@ if (!$clippy) {
rustup component add clippy
}
Write-Host "All done! Run 'rustlings' to get started."
Write-Host "All done! Navigate to $path and run 'rustlings' to get started!"

27
oranda.json
View file

@ -1,10 +1,25 @@
{
"homepage": "https://rustlings.cool",
"repository": "https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings",
"analytics": {
"plausible": {
"domain": "rustlings.cool"
"project": {
"homepage": "https://rustlings.cool",
"repository": "https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings"
},
"marketing": {
"analytics": {
"plausible": {
"domain": "rustlings.cool"
}
}
},
"changelog": true
"components": {
"artifacts": {
"cargo_dist": false,
"package_managers": {
"preferred": {
"macos/linux/unix": "curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash",
"windows": "Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.ps1 -Destination $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1"
}
}
},
"changelog": true
}
}