Fix typo

exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,17 @@
-// Use a tuple index to access the second element of `numbers`. You can put the
-// expression for the second element where ??? is so that the test passes.
-
 fn main() {
     // You can optionally experiment here.
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
     #[test]
     fn indexing_tuple() {
         let numbers = (1, 2, 3);
-        // Replace below ??? with the tuple indexing syntax.
-        let second = ???;
 
-        assert_eq!(2, second,
+        // TODO: Use a tuple index to access the second element of `numbers`
-            "This is not the 2nd number in the tuple!")
+        // and assign it to a variable called `second`.
+        // let second = ???;
+
+        assert_eq!(second, 2, "This is not the 2nd number in the tuple!");
     }
 }

exercises/05_vecs/vecs1.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-// Your task is to create a `Vec` which holds the exact same elements as in the
-// array `a`.
-//
-// Make me compile and pass the test!
-
 fn array_and_vec() -> ([i32; 4], Vec<i32>) {
-    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // a plain array
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // Array
-    let v = // TODO: declare your vector here with the macro for vectors
+
+    // TODO: Create a vector called `v` which contains the exact same elements as in the array `a`.
+    // Use the vector macro.
+    // let v = ???;
 
     (a, v)
 }
@@ -21,6 +19,6 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_array_and_vec_similarity() {
         let (a, v) = array_and_vec();
-        assert_eq!(a, v[..]);
+        assert_eq!(a, *v);
     }
 }

exercises/05_vecs/vecs2.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,32 @@
-// A Vec of even numbers is given. Your task is to complete the loop so that
+fn vec_loop(input: &[i32]) -> Vec<i32> {
-// each number in the Vec is multiplied by 2.
+    let mut output = Vec::new();
-//
-// Make me pass the test!
 
-fn vec_loop(mut v: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
+    for element in input {
-    for element in v.iter_mut() {
+        // TODO: Multiply each element in the `input` slice by 2 and push it to
-        // TODO: Fill this up so that each element in the Vec `v` is
+        // the `output` vector.
-        // multiplied by 2.
-        ???
     }
 
-    // At this point, `v` should be equal to [4, 8, 12, 16, 20].
+    output
-    v
 }
 
-fn vec_map(v: &Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
+fn vec_map_example(input: &[i32]) -> Vec<i32> {
-    v.iter().map(|element| {
+    // An example of collecting a vector after mapping.
-        // TODO: Do the same thing as above - but instead of mutating the
+    // We map each element of the `input` slice to its value plus 1.
-        // Vec, you can just return the new number!
+    // If the input is `[1, 2, 3]`, the output is `[2, 3, 4]`.
-        ???
+    input.iter().map(|element| element + 1).collect()
-    }).collect()
+}
+
+fn vec_map(input: &[i32]) -> Vec<i32> {
+    // TODO: Here, we also want to multiply each element in the `input` slice
+    // by 2, but with iterator mapping instead of manually pushing into an empty
+    // vector.
+    // See the example in the function `vec_map_example` above.
+    input
+        .iter()
+        .map(|element| {
+            // ???
+        })
+        .collect()
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -32,17 +39,22 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_vec_loop() {
-        let v: Vec<i32> = (1..).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).take(5).collect();
+        let input = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10];
-        let ans = vec_loop(v.clone());
+        let ans = vec_loop(&input);
+        assert_eq!(ans, [4, 8, 12, 16, 20]);
+    }
 
-        assert_eq!(ans, v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::<Vec<i32>>());
+    #[test]
+    fn test_vec_map_example() {
+        let input = [1, 2, 3];
+        let ans = vec_map_example(&input);
+        assert_eq!(ans, [2, 3, 4]);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_vec_map() {
-        let v: Vec<i32> = (1..).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).take(5).collect();
+        let input = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10];
-        let ans = vec_map(&v);
+        let ans = vec_map(&input);
-
+        assert_eq!(ans, [4, 8, 12, 16, 20]);
-        assert_eq!(ans, v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::<Vec<i32>>());
     }
 }

exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// TODO: Fix the compiler error in this function.
 fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
     let vec = vec;
 
@@ -17,9 +18,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn move_semantics1() {
         let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
-
         let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
-
         assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
     }
 }

exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-// Make the test pass by finding a way to keep both Vecs separate!
-
 fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
     let mut vec = vec;
 
@@ -16,13 +14,15 @@ fn main() {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    // TODO: Make both vectors `vec0` and `vec1` accessible at the same time to
+    // fix the compiler error in the test.
     #[test]
     fn move_semantics2() {
         let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
 
         let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
 
-        assert_eq!(vec0, vec![22, 44, 66]);
+        assert_eq!(vec0, [22, 44, 66]);
-        assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+        assert_eq!(vec1, [22, 44, 66, 88]);
     }
 }

exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-// Make me compile without adding new lines -- just changing existing lines! (no
+// TODO: Fix the compiler error in the function without adding any new line.
-// lines with multiple semicolons necessary!)
-
 fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
     vec.push(88);
 
@@ -18,9 +16,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn move_semantics3() {
         let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
-
         let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
-
+        assert_eq!(vec1, [22, 44, 66, 88]);
-        assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
     }
 }

exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,18 @@
-// Refactor this code so that instead of passing `vec0` into the `fill_vec`
-// function, the Vector gets created in the function itself and passed back to
-// the test function.
-
-// `fill_vec()` no longer takes `vec: Vec<i32>` as argument - don't change this!
-fn fill_vec() -> Vec<i32> {
-    // Instead, let's create and fill the Vec in here - how do you do that?
-    let mut vec = vec;
-
-    vec.push(88);
-
-    vec
-}
-
 fn main() {
     // You can optionally experiment here.
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::*;
+    // TODO: Fix the compiler errors only by reordering the lines in the test.
-
+    // Don't add, change or remove any line.
     #[test]
-    fn move_semantics4() {
+    fn move_semantics5() {
-        let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+        let mut x = 100;
-
+        let y = &mut x;
-        let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+        let z = &mut x;
-
+        *y += 100;
-        assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+        *z += 1000;
+        assert_eq!(x, 1200);
     }
 }

exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
-// Make me compile only by reordering the lines in the test, but without adding,
+// TODO: Fix the compiler errors without changing anything except adding or
-// changing or removing any of them.
+// removing references (the character `&`).
 
 fn main() {
-    // You can optionally experiment here.
+    let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();
+
+    get_char(data);
+
+    string_uppercase(&data);
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
+// Shouldn't take ownership
-mod tests {
+fn get_char(data: String) -> char {
-    use super::*;
+    data.chars().last().unwrap()
-
+}
-    #[test]
+
-    fn move_semantics5() {
+// Should take ownership
-        let mut x = 100;
+fn string_uppercase(mut data: &String) {
-        let y = &mut x;
+    data = &data.to_uppercase();
-        let z = &mut x;
+
-        *y += 100;
+    println!("{data}");
-        *z += 1000;
-        assert_eq!(x, 1200);
-    }
 }

exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// You can't change anything except adding or removing references.
-
-fn main() {
-    let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();
-
-    get_char(data);
-
-    string_uppercase(&data);
-}
-
-// Should not take ownership
-fn get_char(data: String) -> char {
-    data.chars().last().unwrap()
-}
-
-// Should take ownership
-fn string_uppercase(mut data: &String) {
-    data = &data.to_uppercase();
-
-    println!("{}", data);
-}

rustlings-macros/info.toml

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ While you could use a destructuring `let` for the tuple here, try
 indexing into it instead, as explained in the last example of the
 'Data Types -> The Tuple Type' section of the book:
 https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-02-data-types.html#the-tuple-type
-Now you have another tool in your toolbox!"""
+Now, you have another tool in your toolbox!"""
 
 # VECS
 
@@ -307,8 +307,9 @@ hint = """
 In Rust, there are two ways to define a Vector.
 1. One way is to use the `Vec::new()` function to create a new vector
    and fill it with the `push()` method.
-2. The second way, which is simpler is to use the `vec![]` macro and
+2. The second way is to use the `vec![]` macro and define your elements
-   define your elements inside the square brackets.
+   inside the square brackets. This way is simpler when you exactly know
+   the initial values.
 
 Check this chapter: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html
 of the Rust book to learn more.
@@ -318,15 +319,10 @@ of the Rust book to learn more.
 name = "vecs2"
 dir = "05_vecs"
 hint = """
-In the first function we are looping over the Vector and getting a reference to
+In the first function, we create an empty vector and want to push new elements
-one `element` at a time.
+to it.
 
-To modify the value of that `element` we need to use the `*` dereference
+In the second function, we map the values of the input and collect them into a vector.
-operator. You can learn more in this chapter of the Rust book:
-https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html#iterating-over-the-values-in-a-vector
-
-In the second function this dereferencing is not necessary, because the `map`
-function expects the new value to be returned.
 
 After you've completed both functions, decide for yourself which approach you
 like better.
@@ -346,8 +342,7 @@ error on the line where we push an element to the vector, right?
 The fix for this is going to be adding one keyword, and the addition is NOT on
 the line where we push to the vector (where the error is).
 
-Also: Try accessing `vec0` after having called `fill_vec()`. See what
+Try accessing `vec0` after having called `fill_vec()`. See what happens!"""
-happens!"""
 
 [[exercises]]
 name = "move_semantics2"
@@ -357,16 +352,10 @@ When running this exercise for the first time, you'll notice an error about
 "borrow of moved value". In Rust, when an argument is passed to a function and
 it's not explicitly returned, you can't use the original variable anymore.
 We call this "moving" a variable. When we pass `vec0` into `fill_vec`, it's
-being "moved" into `vec1`, meaning we can't access `vec0` anymore after the
+being "moved" into `vec1`, meaning we can't access `vec0` anymore.
-fact.
 
-Rust provides a couple of different ways to mitigate this issue, feel free to
+You could make another, separate version of the data that's in `vec0` and
-try them all:
+pass it to `fill_vec` instead.
-1. You could make another, separate version of the data that's in `vec0` and
-   pass that to `fill_vec` instead.
-2. Make `fill_vec` borrow its argument instead of taking ownership of it,
-   and then copy the data within the function (`vec.clone()`) in order to
-   return an owned `Vec<i32>`.
 """
 
 [[exercises]]
@@ -382,28 +371,15 @@ an existing binding to be a mutable binding instead of an immutable one :)"""
 name = "move_semantics4"
 dir = "06_move_semantics"
 hint = """
-Stop reading whenever you feel like you have enough direction :) Or try
-doing one step and then fixing the compiler errors that result!
-So the end goal is to:
-   - get rid of the first line in main that creates the new vector
-   - so then `vec0` doesn't exist, so we can't pass it to `fill_vec`
-   - `fill_vec` has had its signature changed, which our call should reflect
-   - since we're not creating a new vec in `main` anymore, we need to create
-     a new vec in `fill_vec`, and fill it with the expected values"""
-
-[[exercises]]
-name = "move_semantics5"
-dir = "06_move_semantics"
-hint = """
 Carefully reason about the range in which each mutable reference is in
 scope. Does it help to update the value of referent (`x`) immediately after
-the mutable reference is taken? Read more about 'Mutable References'
+the mutable reference is taken?
-in the book's section 'References and Borrowing':
+Read more about 'Mutable References' in the book's section 'References and Borrowing':
 https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html#mutable-references.
 """
 
 [[exercises]]
-name = "move_semantics6"
+name = "move_semantics5"
 dir = "06_move_semantics"
 test = false
 hint = """
@@ -412,14 +388,10 @@ https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html
 
 The first problem is that `get_char` is taking ownership of the string. So
 `data` is moved and can't be used for `string_uppercase`. `data` is moved to
-`get_char` first, meaning that `string_uppercase` cannot manipulate the data.
+`get_char` first, meaning that `string_uppercase` can't manipulate the data.
 
 Once you've fixed that, `string_uppercase`'s function signature will also need
-to be adjusted.
+to be adjusted."""
-
-Can you figure out how?
-
-Another hint: it has to do with the `&` character."""
 
 # STRUCTS
 

solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs

@@ -1 +1,16 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn indexing_tuple() {
+        let numbers = (1, 2, 3);
+
+        // Tuple indexing syntax.
+        let second = numbers.1;
+
+        assert_eq!(second, 2, "This is not the 2nd number in the tuple!");
+    }
+}

solutions/05_vecs/vecs1.rs

@@ -1 +1,23 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn array_and_vec() -> ([i32; 4], Vec<i32>) {
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // Array
+
+    // Used the `vec!` macro.
+    let v = vec![10, 20, 30, 40];
+
+    (a, v)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_array_and_vec_similarity() {
+        let (a, v) = array_and_vec();
+        assert_eq!(a, *v);
+    }
+}

solutions/05_vecs/vecs2.rs

@@ -1 +1,55 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn vec_loop(input: &[i32]) -> Vec<i32> {
+    let mut output = Vec::new();
+
+    for element in input {
+        output.push(2 * element);
+    }
+
+    output
+}
+
+fn vec_map_example(input: &[i32]) -> Vec<i32> {
+    // An example of collecting a vector after mapping.
+    // We map each element of the `input` slice to its value plus 1.
+    // If the input is `[1, 2, 3]`, the output is `[2, 3, 4]`.
+    input.iter().map(|element| element + 1).collect()
+}
+
+fn vec_map(input: &[i32]) -> Vec<i32> {
+    // We will dive deeper into iterators, but for now, this is all what you
+    // had to do!
+    // Advanced note: This method is more efficient because it automatically
+    // preallocates enough capacity. This can be done manually in `vec_loop`
+    // using `Vec::with_capacity(input.len())` instead of `Vec::new()`.
+    input.iter().map(|element| 2 * element).collect()
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_vec_loop() {
+        let input = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10];
+        let ans = vec_loop(&input);
+        assert_eq!(ans, [4, 8, 12, 16, 20]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_vec_map_example() {
+        let input = [1, 2, 3];
+        let ans = vec_map_example(&input);
+        assert_eq!(ans, [2, 3, 4]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_vec_map() {
+        let input = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10];
+        let ans = vec_map(&input);
+        assert_eq!(ans, [4, 8, 12, 16, 20]);
+    }
+}

solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs

@@ -1 +1,25 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
+    let mut vec = vec;
+    //  ^^^ added
+
+    vec.push(88);
+
+    vec
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn move_semantics1() {
+        let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+        let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+        // `vec0` can't be accessed anymore because it is moved to `fill_vec`.
+        assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+    }
+}

solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs

@@ -1 +1,28 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
+    let mut vec = vec;
+
+    vec.push(88);
+
+    vec
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn move_semantics2() {
+        let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+
+        // Cloning `vec0` so that the clone is moved into `fill_vec`, not `vec0`
+        // itself.
+        let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0.clone());
+
+        assert_eq!(vec0, [22, 44, 66]);
+        assert_eq!(vec1, [22, 44, 66, 88]);
+    }
+}

solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs

@@ -1 +1,22 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn fill_vec(mut vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
+    //      ^^^ added
+    vec.push(88);
+
+    vec
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn move_semantics3() {
+        let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+        let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+        assert_eq!(vec1, [22, 44, 66, 88]);
+    }
+}

solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs

@@ -1 +1,21 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    // TODO: Fix the compiler errors only by reordering the lines in the test.
+    // Don't add, change or remove any line.
+    #[test]
+    fn move_semantics5() {
+        let mut x = 100;
+        let y = &mut x;
+        // `y` used here.
+        *y += 100;
+        // The mutable reference `y` is not used anymore,
+        // therefore a new reference can be created.
+        let z = &mut x;
+        *z += 1000;
+        assert_eq!(x, 1200);
+    }
+}

solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs

@@ -1 +1,21 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+fn main() {
+    let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();
+
+    get_char(&data);
+
+    string_uppercase(data);
+}
+
+// Borrows instead of taking ownership.
+// It is recommended to use `&str` instead of `&String` here. But this is
+// enough for now because we didn't handle strings yet.
+fn get_char(data: &String) -> char {
+    data.chars().last().unwrap()
+}
+
+// Takes ownership instead of borrowing.
+fn string_uppercase(mut data: String) {
+    data = data.to_uppercase();
+
+    println!("{data}");
+}

solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰